Optimization of installation and energy costs in water distribution systems with unknown flow directions

Abstract Water distribution networks (WDNs) are an important part of water systems and responsible for transportation from the reservoirs to demand nodes at adequate pressure velocity. In present paper, synthesis WDN is treated as optimization problem with a mixed integer nonlinear programming formulation. The objective function be minimized total network cost, considering installation energy costs, unknown flow directions, which novelty in paper. Disjunctive linearization techniques used model formulation avoid nonconvex problems. Two case studies test model's applicability. Results show that operational costs can represent significant cost sustainable networks. first study, was better than literature results (US$ 2,272,538.85 vs. US$ 2,272,387.49) ¼ costs. second operation corresponds almost 2/3 cost. These importance design. Also, consideration directions lead topology.